Appendix:Avestan script

This appendix explains characters written in the Avestan script.

Avestan script languages

Note: Avestan script is the right-to-left writing system. IE and Edge still wrongly display Avestan text in opposite direction.

Table

The following table provides a comparative overview of the various transcription/transliteration schemes employed by various major scholars or works in the 19th and 20th century:

Author	𐬁 𐬀	𐬍 𐬌	𐬏 𐬎	𐬆	𐬇	𐬉 𐬈	𐬋 𐬊	𐬃	𐬄	𐬐	𐬑	𐬔	𐬖	𐬗	𐬘	𐬙	𐬚	𐬛	𐬜	𐬝
Wiktionary	a ā	i ī	u ū	ə	ə̄	e ē	o ō	ā̊	ą	k	x	g	γ	c	j	t	θ	d	δ	t̰
Anquetil du Perron	a,e ā	e, ī	o ou	é	é	é é	o ō	āo	an	k, c	kh	g	gh	tch	dj	t	th	d	d	d
Rask	a ā	i ī	u ū	œ [ä]	œ̄	e e	o ō	āo	ą	k	q	g	γ	c	j	t	þ	d	đ	ŧ
Burnouf	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	è	ē ē	o ō	āo	ã	k	kh	g	gh	tch	dj	t	th	d	dh	ṭ
Spiegel	a ā	i ī	u ū	(ĕ) e	é	(ē)e (ē)ẹ	o ō	āo	(ań)ã	k	kh	g	gh	(ch) c	j	t	th	d	dh	(ṭ) ḍ
Haug	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ê	ē ē	o ō	āo	ã	k	kh	g	gh	(ch) ć	(ǵ) j	t	th	d	dh	(t, ṭ) ḍ
Lepsius	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ē	ẹ ẹ̄	o ō	å	ã	k	[kʿ] χ	g	[gʿ] γ	(ḱ) č	[ǵ] ǰ	t	[tʿ] θ	d	dʿ	δ
Justi	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	é	ē ē	o ō	āo	ã	k	kh	g	gh	c	j	t	th	d	dh	ṭ
Roth	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	é	ē ē	o ō	āo	ã	k	kh	g	gh	c	ǵ	t	th	d	dh	(t, ṭ) t
Fr. Müller	a ā	i ī	u ū	(ĕ) e̥	(é) ē̥	e ē	o, o ō	ā̊	ã	k	χ	g	γ	ć	ǵ	t	θ	d	δ	ṭ
Hübschmann	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ē	ẹ ẹ̄	o ō	å	(ã) ą	k	(χ) x	g	γ	(c) č	(j) ǰ	t	θ	d	δ	(θ̇, δ̇) ṫ, ḋ
Pischel	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ē	ẹ ẹ̄	o ō	ā̊	ą	k	ⱨ	g	δ	(c) k̇	(j) ġ	t	þ	d	đ	t̲, d̲
de Harlez	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	é	è ē	o ō	o͞o	ã	k	ḱ	g	ǵ	c	j	t	t'	d	d'	δ
Sacred Books	a ā	i ï	u ū	e	e	ē ē	o ō	au	ã	k	kh	g	gh	k	g	t	th	d	dh	t
Geldner	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	(é) ê	(ē)e ē	o ō	āo	ã	k	kh	g	gh	c	(ǵ) j	t	th	d	dh	(t) ṭ
Bartholomae	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ē	ẹ ẹ̄	o ō	(āo) ā̊	(ã) ą	k	(kh, χ, x) ⱨ	g	(gh, γ) δ	(ḱ, c) k̇	(ǵ, j) ġ	t	(th, θ) þ	d	(dh, δ) đ	(ḍ, θ̣, δ̣) þ̱
Brugmann	a ā	i ī	u ū	e	ē	ẹ ẹ̄	o ō	ā̊	ą	k	x	g	γ	c	j	t	þ	d	đ	þ̱, đ̱

Author	𐬟 𐬞	𐬡 𐬠	𐬫	𐬌𐬌	𐬭	𐬬	𐬎𐬎	𐬢	𐬣	𐬥	𐬧	𐬨	𐬯	𐬱	𐬴	𐬳	𐬰	𐬲	𐬵	𐬒	𐬓	𐬩
Wiktionary	p f	b β	y	ii	r	v	uu	ŋ	ŋ́	n	ṇ	m	s	š	ṣ̌	š́	z	ž	h	x́	xᵛ	m̨
Anquetil du Perron	p f	b v	i	ï	r	v	ōu	ng	ng	n	ān	m	s	sch	sch	sch	z	j	h	kh	kh	hm
Rask	p f	b v	y	y	r	w	w	g̃	ñ	n	N	m	ç	s	s'	sk	z	z'	h	x	x	M
Burnouf	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	ng	ng	n	ñ	m	ç	s	ch	sk	z	j	h	q	q	hm
Spiegel	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	g̃	ġ	n	ñ	m	(ç) s	(s) sh	(sh) s'	(sk) shk	z	(j̈) zh	h	q	q, hv	hm
Haug	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	(ṅ) ṇ	(ń) n, ṅ	n	ñ	m	(ç) s	(s) sh	sh	(sk) shk	z	(ź) zh	h	q	q	-
Lepsius	p [pʿ] f	b [bʿ] ṿ	y	y	r	v	w	ṅ	ṅ́	n	ñ	m	[š́] ś	s	š	sk [š]	[ž́] ź	z	h	ʿv	ʿv	ʿm
Justi	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	ṅ	ń	n	ñ	m	ç	s	sh	sk	z	zh	h	q	q	-
Roth	p f	b w	j	j	r	v	v	ṅ	ń	n	ñ	m	ç	s	sh	sk	z	zh	h	q	q	-
Fr. Müller	p f	b (w)v	j	j	r	(v)w	(v)w	ṅ	ń	n	ñ	m	s	š	šh	šk	z	ž	h	q	q	-
Hübschmann	p f	b (β)w	y	y	r	v	v	ṅ	(ń) ṅ́	n	ñ	m	s	š	ṣ̌	(šk, š) š́	z	ž	h	(ḥ) x'	(hƑ) xw	hm (mʿ)
Pischel	p f	b w	y	(y) i̯	r	v	(v) u̯	(ṅ) ŋ	(ñ) ṅ	n	ň	m	s	ṣ	ṣ̌	-	z	ẓ	h	h·	(h·) ḫ	-
de Harlez	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	ǹ	ń	n	ñ	m	ç s	ś	sh	śk	z	zh	h	hᵛ	hᵛ	hm
Sacred Books	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	ng	N	n	n	m	s	s	sh	sk	z	zh	h	hv	hv	-
Geldner	p f	b w	(j) y	(j) y	r	v	v	ṅ́	ń	n	(n) ñ	m	(ç) s	(s, ś, sh) š	(sh) š	(sk, sh) š	z	(zh) ž	h	(q) ḥ	q hv	-
Bartholomae	p (φ)f	b (β)w	j (y)	(j) i̯	r	v	(v) u̯	(ṅ, n̄) ŋ	(ń) ň	n	(ñ, ň) n	m	s	(š, ṣ) š	(sh, ṣ̌) š	(šk, ṣ̌, ṡ) š	z	(ž, ẓ) ž	h	(q, h·) ḥ	(q, hᵛ) ḫ	ʿm
Brugmann	p f	b w	y	y	r	v	v	ŋ	ň	n	n	m	s	š́	š	ṣ̌́	z	ž	h	x'	xw	-