-까지

Korean

Alternative forms

• ᄭᆞ지 (kkaji) — Early Modern

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: skòcáng), from ㅅ (Yale: -s, genitive marker) + ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮 (Yale: kòcáng, “very, extremely”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [k͈a̠d͡ʑi]
• Phonetic hangul: [까지]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kkaji
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kkaji
McCune–Reischauer?	kkaji
Yale Romanization?	kkaci

Particle

까지 • (-kkaji)

1. (generally) until, till, by (a time), up to
   1. Used to illustrate the extent of a finished action or situation.

      나는 한 시부터 늦게까지 공부했어요.

      naneun han sibuteo neutgekkaji gongbuhaesseoyo.

      I studied from one o’clock until late.

      매리가 부산에서 서울까지 열차로 갔어요.

      Maeriga Busaneseo Seoulkkaji yeolcharo gasseoyo.

      Mary went as far as/to Seoul from Busan by train.

   2. Used to illustrate to what extent an action will continue.

      일년 더 걸려도 서울대에 입학할 때까지 공부하기로 결정했어요.

      illyeon deo geollyeodo Seouldaee iphakhal ttaekkaji gongbuhagiro gyeoljeonghaesseoyo.

      Even if it takes one more year I have decided that I will study until I get into Seoul National University.

   3. Used to illustrate the degree or intensity of a situation.

      존이 동우를 이렇게까지 좋아할 줄 몰랐어요.

      Joni Dong'ureul ireokekkaji joahal jul mollasseoyo.

      I had no idea how much John liked Dongwoo.

Usage notes

Used after nouns, noun phrases, nominalized verbs in 기 (gi): form, as well as adjectives in 게 (ge) form.

See also

• 부터 (buteo): from (a time)
• 에서 (eseo): from (a place)

References

• 표준국어대사전 (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[1], archived from the original on 30 December 2006
• Daum.net Korean-English Dictionary (2008 January 3 (last accessed)) “까지 [kkaji]”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎^[2], archived from the original on 4 February 2008