ꜥrf

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːrɛf/
  • Conventional anglicization: aref

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to pack up or wrap up
2. (transitive) to enclose
3. (transitive) to collect (offices or favors)

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥrf (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrf, geminated stem: ꜥrff

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural ꜥrf ꜥrfw, ꜥrf ꜥrft ꜥrf ꜥrf ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 ꜥrf ḥr ꜥrf m ꜥrf r ꜥrf suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect ꜥrf.n ꜥrfw, ꜥrf consecutive ꜥrf.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative ꜥrft perfective3 ꜥrf active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 ꜥrf.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective ꜥrf active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 ꜥrf ꜥrff potentialis1 ꜥrf.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive ꜥrf active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect ꜥrf.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective ꜥrf active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜥrf ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5, ꜥrfy5 imperfective ꜥrf, ꜥrfy, ꜥrfw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 ꜥrf, ꜥrfj6, ꜥrfy6 ꜥrf, ꜥrfw5 prospective ꜥrf, ꜥrftj7 — ꜥrftj4, ꜥrft4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf  

ꜥrf

[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃⲉ (ōrbe)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲣϥ (ōrf)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲣⲃ (ōrb)

Noun

 m

1. bag, sachet

Inflection

Declension of ꜥrf (masculine)

singular	ꜥrf
dual	ꜥrfwj
plural	ꜥrfw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥrf  

ꜥrf	ꜥrf

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 210.20–211.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 45