蠟

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See also: 蜡 and 蝋
蠟 U+881F, 蠟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-881F
← 蠞
[U+881E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蠠 →
[U+8820]
蠟 U+F927, 蠟
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F927
← 臘
[U+F926] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 廊 →
[U+F928]

Translingual

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Traditional 蠟
Shinjitai
(extended) 		蝋
Simplified 蜡

Han character

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蠟 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+15, 21 strokes, cangjie input 中戈女女女 (LIVVV), four-corner 52116, composition ⿰虫巤)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1101, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33786
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1565, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2903, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+881F

Chinese

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trad. 蠟
simp. 蜡*

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (巤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鑞 *raːb
蠟 *raːb
邋 *raːb, *rab
臘 *raːb
臈 *raːb
擸 *raːb, *rab
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
獵 *rab
躐 *rab
鬣 *rab
儠 *rab
犣 *rab
鱲 *rab
巤 *rab
獦 *klaːd, *rab

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab).

Etymology

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Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • lor2/lorh7 - vernacular;
  • lah7 - literary.
Note:
  • la̍h - vernacular;
  • la̍p - literary.
Rime
Character 蠟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 盍 (144)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧盍切
Baxter lap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lap̚/
Li
Rong 		/lɑp̚/
Wang
Li 		/lɑp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		là
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蠟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		là
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lap ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.rˁap/ (no pre-Qín exx.)
English wax

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蠟
Reading # 1/1
No. 8144
Phonetic
component 		巤
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		臘
Old
Chinese 		/*raːb/

Definitions

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蠟

  1. wax
  2. candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m)
  3. light yellow

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 蠟燭 (“candle”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蠟燭, 蠟炬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 蠟, 洋蠟
Taiwan 蠟燭
Harbin 洋蠟
Singapore 蠟燭
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 洋蠟 dated
Jinan 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蠟
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟
Wanrong 蠟, 洋燭
Wanrong (Ronghe) 蠟, 洋蠟
Xi'an 蠟, 洋蠟
Xuzhou 蠟燭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 蠟燈, 蠟
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 蠟燈
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 蠟, 洋蠟
Lanzhou 蠟, 洋蠟
Ürümqi 洋蠟, 蠟
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 蠟燭, 蠟
Wuhan 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
Guiyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 燭
Kunming 洋燭, 洋蠟
Guilin 蠟燭
Liuzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟
Kokang 洋蠟
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Yangzhou 蠟燭
Hefei 蠟燭
Cantonese Guangzhou 蠟燭, 洋燭
Hong Kong 蠟燭, 洋燭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 蠟燭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 蠟燭
Macau 蠟燭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蠟燭, 洋燭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蠟燭
Foshan 蠟燭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 油燭
Foshan (Shunde) 蠟燭
Foshan (Sanshui) 蠟燭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蠟燭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 洋燭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蠟燭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蠟燭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蠟燭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蠟燭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蠟燭
Taishan 蠟燭
Kaiping (Chikan) 蠟燭
Enping (Niujiang) 蠟燭
Heshan (Yayao) 洋燭
Dongguan 蠟燭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蠟燭
Yangjiang 蠟燭
Nanning 蠟燭
Wuzhou 蠟燭
Yulin 蠟燭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蠟燭
Beihai 蠟燭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 蠟燭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蠟燭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 蠟燭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 蠟燭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蠟燭
Móng Cái 蠟燭
Gan Nanchang 蠟燭, 洋蠟, 洋蠟燭
Lichuan 蠟燭, 燭
Pingxiang 洋蠟燭, 礦燭
Hakka Meixian 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 蠟燭
Dongguan (Qingxi) 蠟燭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 蠟燭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 洋燭
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 火燭
Yudu 洋燭, 洋蠟燭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蠟燭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蠟燭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蠟燭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蠟燭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蠟燭
Hong Kong 蠟燭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 蠟燭
Senai (Huiyang) 蠟燭
Huizhou Jixi 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Jin Taiyuan 蠟燭, 蠟, 洋蠟
Xinzhou 蠟, 洋蠟
Northern Min Jian'ou 蠟燭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 燭, 蠟燭
Fuqing 燭
Southern Min Xiamen 蠟燭
Quanzhou 蠟燭
Zhangzhou 蠟燭
Dongshan 蠟燭
Tainan 蠟燭
Penang (Hokkien) 燭仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 蠟燭
Manila (Hokkien) 蠟燭, 燭
Zhangping (Yongfu) 蠟
Pingnan (Shangdu) 蠟燭
Guilin (Biyange) 蠟燭
Chaozhou 蠟燭
Shantou 蠟燭
Shantou (Chaoyang) 燭
Jieyang 蠟燭
Bangkok (Teochew) 蠟燭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 蠟燭
Pontianak (Teochew) 蠟燭
Leizhou 蠟燭, 燭
Wenchang 蠟燭
Haikou 蠟燭
Puxian Min Putian 燭, 洋燭
Xianyou 蠟燭, 洋燭
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 蠟燭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蠟燭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 蠟燭
Wu Shanghai 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Shanghai (Chongming) 蠟燭, 專燭, 洋蠟燭
Suzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Danyang 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Hangzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Ningbo 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
Wenzhou 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭, 洋燭
Jinhua 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Xiang Changsha 蠟燭, 洋蠟燭
Loudi 蠟燭
Shuangfeng 蠟燭
Quanzhou 蠟燭

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (蠟):
  • → Japanese: 蝋(ろう) (rō, “wax”)
  • → Korean: 납(蠟) (nap, “wax”)

Others:

  • → Mongolian: лаа (laa, “candle”), лав (lav, “wax”)
  • →? Proto-Vietic: *k-raːp (“wax”)
    • Vietnamese: sáp (“wax; candle”)
  • → Zhuang: lab (“candle”)

Japanese

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Shinjitai
(extended)

蝋

Kyūjitai

蠟

Kanji

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蠟

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 蝋)

  1. wax
  2. candle
  3. waxy
  4. glazed

Readings

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  • Go-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)
  • Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らふ (rafu, historical)

Definitions

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For pronunciation and definitions of 蠟 – see the following entry.
【蝋】H
[kanji] hyōgai kanji
[kanji] Extended shinjitai form of 蠟: wax; candle; waxy; glazed
Kanji reading:
ろう
(This term, 蠟, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 蠟 (MC lap).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 랍〮 (Yale: láp)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 밀〯 (Yale: mǐl) 랍〮 (Yale: láp)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap))

  1. hanja form? of 랍/납 (“wax”)
  2. hanja form? of 랍/납 (“candle”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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蠟: Hán Nôm readings: rệp, lạp, sáp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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