歃

See also: 㰱

歃 U+6B43, 歃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B43 ← 歂 [U+6B42] CJK Unified Ideographs 歄 → [U+6B44]

Translingual

Han character

歃 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹難弓人 (HXNO) or 一難弓 (MXN), four-corner 2778₂, composition ⿰臿欠)

1. smear one's mouth with blood of a victim when taking an oath

Derived characters

• 𬋐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 570, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16131
• Dae Jaweon: page 958, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2146, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6B43

Chinese

trad.		歃
simp. #		歃
alternative forms		𣣨 𦦕 㰱 喢 唼

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (臿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
偛	*ʔsreːb
插	*sʰreːb
鍤	*sʰreːb, *r̥ʰeb
臿	*sʰreːb
喢	*sʰreːb, *sreːb, *sreb, *l̥ʰjeb
牐	*zreːb
歃	*sreːb, *sreb
敮	*hreːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːb, *sreb) : phonetic 臿 (OC *sʰreːb) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn”).

Etymology

Compare Khmer ស្រោប (sraop, “to plate; to cover”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *sapᴴ (“to rub; to stroke”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shà (sha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saap³
• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sab⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhap / sap / sa̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cah⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shà
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shà
    • Wade–Giles: sha⁴
    • Yale: shà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shah
    • Palladius: ша (ša)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saap³
    • Yale: saap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: sab³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːp̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sab⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /sap̚¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhap
    • Tâi-lô: tshap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰap̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sap
    • Tâi-lô: sap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sap̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa̍p
    • Tâi-lô: sa̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sap
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚²⁴/

Note: sa̍p - “to eat”.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cah⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaʔ²/

---

• Middle Chinese: srjep, sreap

Rime
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	葉 (156)	洽 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	山輒切	山洽切
Baxter	srjep	sreap
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiᴇp̚/	/ʃˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚiɛp̚/	/ʃᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiæp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂjiap̚/	/ʂəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ʃjɛp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Wang Li	/ʃĭɛp̚/	/ʃɐp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂi̯ɛp̚/	/ʂăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	she	sha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sip3	saap3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s](ˤ)r[o]p/, /*[s]r[o]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːb/, /*sreb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shà	shà
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛp ›	‹ srjep ›
Old Chinese	/*[s](ˁ)r[o]p/	/*[s]r[o]p/
English	smear mouth with victim"s blood	smear mouth with blood
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歃	歃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1196	1200
Phonetic component	臿	臿
Rime group	盍	盍
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	霎	萐
Old Chinese	/*sreːb/	/*sreb/

Definitions

歃

1. (literary) to drink (blood); to suck (blood); to smear (blood) on the mouth

   歃血  ―  shàxuè  ―  to smear the mouth with the blood of a sacrifice

2. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to eat (snacks, etc. in an undignified manner)
3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien, of animals) to eat; to feed

Synonyms

• (to feed): 吃食 (chīshi)

Compounds

• 歃仔
• 歃仔仙
• 歃血 (shàxuè)
• 歃血為盟／歃血为盟 (shàxuèwéiméng)
• 歃血為誓／歃血为誓
• 歃血而盟
• 開堂歃血／开堂歃血

 

Japanese

Kanji

歃

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to sip, slurp, suck

Readings

• On (unclassified): そう (sō)、しょう (shō)、こう (kō)
• Kun: すする (susuru)

Korean

Hanja

歃 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

歃: Hán Nôm readings: sáp, khảm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.