仆

See also: 僕 and 사

仆 U+4EC6, 仆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC6 ← 仅 [U+4EC5] CJK Unified Ideographs 仇 → [U+4EC7]

Translingual

Japanese	仆/僕
Simplified	仆/仆
Traditional	仆/僕

Han character

Stroke order

仆 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人卜 (OY), four-corner 2320₀, composition ⿰亻卜)

Derived characters

• 𢪗, 𱥸, 𥾾, 𱐸, 𦬙, 䇚, 𨳢

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 354
• Dae Jaweon: page 193, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4EC6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		仆
alternative forms		扑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 仆
Small seal script s05870
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (卜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
仆	*pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
赴	*pʰoɡs
訃	*pʰoɡs
朴	*pʰroːɡ
圤	*pʰroːɡ
卜	*poːɡ
鳪	*poːɡ
扑	*pʰoːɡ
攴	*pʰoːɡ, *pʰroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoːɡs, *pʰus, *pʰoɡs, *bɯːɡ, *pʰoːɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 卜 (OC *poːɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pū, fù (pu¹, fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨ, ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶ / puk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phuk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): porh⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phak
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pheu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pū
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu¹
    • Yale: pū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pu
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fu⁶ / puk¹
    • Yale: fuh / pūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶ / puk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶ / pug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/, /pʰʊk̚⁵/

Note:

• fu6 - literary;
• puk1 - colloquial.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: pug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: porh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɒʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phak
    • Tâi-lô: phak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰak̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰak̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰak̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵pheu
    • MiniDict: pheu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pheu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰɤ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjuH, phjuwH, phuwH, bok

Rime
Character	仆	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	尤 (136)	侯 (137)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I	I
Fanqie	芳遇切	敷救切	匹候切	蒲北切
Baxter	phjuH	phjuwH	phuwH	bok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨoH/	/pʰɨuH/	/pʰəuH/	/bək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰioH/	/pʰiuH/	/pʰəuH/	/bək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰioH/	/pʰiəuH/	/pʰəuH/	/bək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuə̆H/	/pʰuwH/	/pʰəwH/	/bək̚/
Li Rong	/pʰioH/	/pʰiuH/	/pʰuH/	/bək̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuH/	/pʰĭəuH/	/pʰəuH/	/bək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uH/	/pʰi̯ə̯uH/	/pʰə̯uH/	/bʱək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù	fòu	pòu	bó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu3	fau3	pau3	bak6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)ok-s/, /*pʰok-s/, /*pʰˤ(r)ok-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰoːɡs/, /*pʰus/, /*pʰoɡs/, /*bɯːɡ/, /*pʰoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pū	pū	pū
Middle Chinese	‹ phjuH ›	‹ phjuwH ›	‹ phuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)ok-s/	/*pʰok-s/	/*pʰˁ(r)ok-s/
English	fall prostrate	fall prostrate	fall prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仆	仆	仆	仆	仆
Reading #	1/5	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
No.	990	991	994	997	1002
Phonetic component	卜	卜	卜	卜	卜
Rime group	候	幽	竇	職	屋
Rime subdivision	0	1	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	仆	副	赴	菔	扑
Old Chinese	/*pʰoːɡs/	/*pʰus/	/*pʰoɡs/	/*bɯːɡ/	/*pʰoːɡ/

Definitions

仆

1. to fall forward
2. to lie prostrate; prone

Compounds

• 一仆一碌
• 仆地 (pūde)
• 仆然
• 仆街
• 偃仆
• 僵仆
• 前仆後繼／前仆后继 (qiánpūhòujì)
• 前仆後起
• 屢仆屢起／屡仆屡起
• 攧攧仆仆
• 此仆彼起
• 顛仆

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 仆 – see 僕 (“servant; slave; I; me; your humble servant; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 僕).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “仆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 179.

Japanese

Kanji

仆

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: ふ (fu)、ぼく (boku)
• Kan-on: ふ (fu)、ほく (hoku)
• Kun: たおれる (taoreru, 仆れる)

Korean

Hanja

仆 (eum 부 (bu))

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Vietnamese

Han character

仆: Hán Nôm readings: bộc, phó

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