ἀγωνίζομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ἀγών (agṓn) +‎ -ίζομαι (-ízomai)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.ɡɔː.níz.do.mai̯/ → /a.ɣoˈni.zo.mɛ/ → /a.ɣoˈni.zo.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.ɡɔː.níz.do.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.ɡoˈni.zo.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.ɣoˈni.zo.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.ɣoˈni.zo.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.ɣoˈni.zo.me/

Verb

ἀγωνίζομαι • (agōnízomai)

1. to contend, compete

Conjugation

   Present: ἀγωνῐ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀγωνῐ́ζομαι	ἀγωνῐ́ζῃ, ἀγωνῐ́ζει	ἀγωνῐ́ζεται	ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθον	ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθον	ἀγωνῐζόμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθε	ἀγωνῐ́ζονται
	subjunctive	ἀγωνῐ́ζωμαι	ἀγωνῐ́ζῃ	ἀγωνῐ́ζηται	ἀγωνῐ́ζησθον	ἀγωνῐ́ζησθον	ἀγωνῐζώμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐ́ζησθε	ἀγωνῐ́ζωνται
	optative	ἀγωνῐζοίμην	ἀγωνῐ́ζοιο	ἀγωνῐ́ζοιτο	ἀγωνῐ́ζοισθον	ἀγωνῐζοίσθην	ἀγωνῐζοίμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐ́ζοισθε	ἀγωνῐ́ζοιντο
	imperative		ἀγωνῐ́ζου	ἀγωνῐζέσθω	ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθον	ἀγωνῐζέσθων		ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθε	ἀγωνῐζέσθων
infinitive						ἀγωνῐ́ζεσθαι
participle	m					ἀγωνῐζόμενος
	f					ἀγωνῐζομένη
	n					ἀγωνῐζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἠγωνῐζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἠγωνῐζόμην	ἠγωνῐ́ζου	ἠγωνῐ́ζετο	ἠγωνῐ́ζεσθον	ἠγωνῐζέσθην	ἠγωνῐζόμεθᾰ	ἠγωνῐ́ζεσθε	ἠγωνῐ́ζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀγωνῐέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀγωνῐέομαι	ἀγωνῐέῃ, ἀγωνῐέει	ἀγωνῐέεται	ἀγωνῐέεσθον	ἀγωνῐέεσθον	ἀγωνῐεόμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐέεσθε	ἀγωνῐέονται
	optative	ἀγωνῐεοίμην	ἀγωνῐέοιο	ἀγωνῐέοιτο	ἀγωνῐέοισθον	ἀγωνῐεοίσθην	ἀγωνῐεοίμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐέοισθε	ἀγωνῐέοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ἀγωνῐέεσθαι
participle	m				ἀγωνῐεόμενος
	f				ἀγωνῐεομένη
	n				ἀγωνῐεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀγωνῐοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀγωνῐοῦμαι	ἀγωνῐῇ	ἀγωνῐεῖται	ἀγωνῐεῖσθον	ἀγωνῐεῖσθον	ἀγωνῐούμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐεῖσθε	ἀγωνῐοῦνται
	optative	ἀγωνῐοίμην	ἀγωνῐοῖο	ἀγωνῐοῖτο	ἀγωνῐοῖσθον	ἀγωνῐοίσθην	ἀγωνῐοίμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐοῖσθε	ἀγωνῐοῖντο
					middle
infinitive					ἀγωνῐεῖσθαι
participle	m				ἀγωνῐούμενος
	f				ἀγωνῐουμένη
	n				ἀγωνῐούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἠγωνῐσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἠγωνῐσᾰ́μην	ἠγωνῐ́σω	ἠγωνῐ́σᾰτο	ἠγωνῐ́σᾰσθον	ἠγωνῐσᾰ́σθην	ἠγωνῐσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἠγωνῐ́σᾰσθε	ἠγωνῐ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἀγωνῐ́σωμαι	ἀγωνῐ́σῃ	ἀγωνῐ́σηται	ἀγωνῐ́σησθον	ἀγωνῐ́σησθον	ἀγωνῐσώμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐ́σησθε	ἀγωνῐ́σωνται
	optative	ἀγωνῐσαίμην	ἀγωνῐ́σαιο	ἀγωνῐ́σαιτο	ἀγωνῐ́σαισθον	ἀγωνῐσαίσθην	ἀγωνῐσαίμεθᾰ	ἀγωνῐ́σαισθε	ἀγωνῐ́σαιντο
	imperative		ἀγώνῐσαι	ἀγωνῐσᾰ́σθω	ἀγωνῐ́σᾰσθον	ἀγωνῐσᾰ́σθων		ἀγωνῐ́σᾰσθε	ἀγωνῐσᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					ἀγωνῐ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m				ἀγωνῐσᾰ́μενος
	f				ἀγωνῐσᾰμένη
	n				ἀγωνῐσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἠγώνῐσμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἠγώνῐσμαι	ἠγώνῐσαι	ἠγώνῐσται	ἠγώνῐσθον	ἠγώνῐσθον	ἠγωνῐ́σμεθᾰ	ἠγώνῐσθε	ἠγωνῐ́δᾰται
	subjunctive	ἠγωνῐσμένος ὦ	ἠγωνῐσμένος ᾖς	ἠγωνῐσμένος ᾖ	ἠγωνῐσμένω ἦτον	ἠγωνῐσμένω ἦτον	ἠγωνῐσμένοι ὦμεν	ἠγωνῐσμένοι ἦτε	ἠγωνῐσμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἠγωνῐσμένος εἴην	ἠγωνῐσμένος εἴης	ἠγωνῐσμένος εἴη	ἠγωνῐσμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἠγωνῐσμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἠγωνῐσμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἠγωνῐσμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἠγωνῐσμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἠγώνῐσο	ἠγωνῐ́σθω	ἠγώνῐσθον	ἠγωνῐ́σθων		ἠγώνῐσθε	ἠγωνῐ́σθων
infinitive						ἠγωνῐ́σθαι
participle	m					ἠγωνῐσμένος
	f					ἠγωνῐσμένη
	n					ἠγωνῐσμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἠγωνῐ́σμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἠγωνῐ́σμην	ἠγώνῐσο	ἠγώνῐστο	ἠγώνῐσθον	ἠγωνῐ́σθην	ἠγωνῐ́σμεθᾰ	ἠγώνῐσθε	ἠγωνῐ́δᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs)
• ἀνταγωνίζομαι (antagōnízomai)
• διαγωνίζομαι (diagōnízomai)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Bulgarian: агонизирам (agoniziram)
• → Catalan: agonitzar
• → English: agonize
• → French: agoniser
• Greek: αγωνίζομαι (agonízomai)
• → Portuguese: agonizar
• → Spanish: agonizar

Further reading

• ἀγωνίζομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀγωνίζομαι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀγωνίζομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G75 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • act idem, page 9.
  • argue idem, page 39.
  • bet idem, page 76.
  • bicker idem, page 78.
  • brawl idem, page 94.
  • combat idem, page 144.
  • compete idem, page 151.
  • contend idem, page 167.
  • contest idem, page 168.
  • cope with idem, page 173.
  • discuss idem, page 232.
  • dispute idem, page 238.
  • emulate idem, page 269.
  • fight idem, page 318.
  • game idem, page 353.
  • issue idem, page 461.
  • perform idem, page 607.
  • play idem, page 618.
  • quarrel idem, page 663.
  • race idem, page 667.
  • rival idem, page 718.
  • stake idem, page 809.
  • strive idem, page 827.
  • struggle idem, page 828.
  • tourney idem, page 884.
  • trial idem, page 893.
  • try idem, page 899.
  • variance idem, page 944.
  • vie (with) idem, page 951.
  • wrestle idem, page 992.