ܟܝܢܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Root
ܟ ܘ ܢ (k w n)
4 terms

Etymology 1

From Aramaic כְּיָנָא (kəyānā); cognate to Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [kjɑːnɑː]
(Urmia) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃjɑːnɑː]

Noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) m sg (plural ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (kyānē))

nature, instinct
essence, substance, form
(Christianity, theology) nature, physis
Coordinate terms: ܦܲܪܨܘܿܦܵܐ (parṣōpā), ܩܢܘܿܡܵܐ (qnōmā)

Inflection

Inflection of **ܟܝܵܢܵܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	plural
singular	absolute	–	1^st person	ܟܝܵܢܝܼ (kyānī)		ܟܝܵܢܲܢ (kyānan)
	construct	ܟܝܵܢ (kyān)	2^nd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼܟ݂ (kyānūḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ (kyānāḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kyānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā)	3^rd person	ܟܝܵܢܹܗ (kyānēh)	ܟܝܵܢܵܗ̇ (kyānāh)	ܟܝܵܢܗܘܿܢ (kyānhōn)
plural	absolute	–	1^st person	ܟܝܵܢܝܼ̈ (kyānī)		ܟܝܵܢܲܢ̈ (kyānan)
	construct	ܟܝܵܢܲܝ̈ (kyānay)	2^nd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (kyānūḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (kyānāḵ)	ܟܝܵܢܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kyānāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (kyānē)	3^rd person	ܟܝܵܢܘܼ̈ܗܝ (kyānūh)	ܟܝܵܢ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (kyānōh)	ܟܝܵܢܗ̈ܘܿܢ (kyānhōn)

Derived terms

ܒܲܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bar kyānā, “native, endemic, natural”)
ܒܵܬܵܪ ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (bātār kyānā, “metaphysics”)
ܟܝܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (kyānāˀīṯ, “naturally, of course”)
ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܐ (kyānāyā, “natural”)
ܡܡܲܠܠܘܼܬ ܟܝܵܢܵܝܵܬܹ̈ܐ (mmallūt kyānāyātē, “physics”)
ܥܙܝܼܠܵܐ ܒܸܟ݂ܝܵܢܵܐ (ˁzīlā biḵyānā, “naturally, of course”)
ܬܪܲܝܵܢܵܝ ܟܝܵܢܹ̈ܐ (trayyānāy kyānē, “Dyophysite”)

Proper noun

ܟܝܵܢܵܐ • (kyānā) f

a female given name

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Persian (čin, “China”), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (cyn), from Sanskrit चीन (Cīna), itself derived from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin, “Qin”).

Pronunciation

(Standard) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃiːnɑː]

Proper noun

ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ • (čīnā) f

Alternative form of ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā)

Usage notes

Although ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐ (čīnā) is the most common form in the spoken language, there is a push for ܨܝܼܢܵܐ (ṣīnā) to be used more often, especially in writing. Due to it being ambiguous with ܟܝܵܢܵܐ (kyānā, “nature”) in unvocalised writing.

Derived terms

ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܝܵܐ (čīnāyā, “Chinese”)
ܟ̰ܝܼܢܵܐܝܼܬ (čīnāˀīt, “Chinese language”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology

From the root ܟ ܘ ܢ related to existing; compare Arabic كِيَان (kiyān).

Pronunciation

(Classical Edessan) IPA^(key): [k(ə.)ˈjɑ.nɑ]
(Eastern Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkjɑ.nɑ]
(Western Syriac) IPA^(key): [ˈkjo.no]

Noun

ܟܝܢܐ • (kəyānā) m (plural ܟܝܢܐ (kəyānē))

nature, instinct
essence, substance, form
(Christianity, theology) nature, physis
procreation
(euphemistic, anatomy) genitalia, sex organs, private parts

Inflection

Inflection of **ܟܝܢܐ**
	isolated forms		with possessive pronouns
	state	form	person	singular		plural
	state	form	person	m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܟܝܢ	1^st person	ܟܝܢܝ		ܟܝܢܢ
	construct	ܟܝܢ	2^nd person	ܟܝܢܟ	ܟܝܢܟܝ	ܟܝܢܟܘܢ	ܟܝܢܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܝܢܐ	3^rd person	ܟܝܢܗ	ܟܝܢܗ	ܟܝܢܗܘܢ	ܟܝܢܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܟܝܢܝܢ	1^st person	ܟܝܢܝ		ܟܝܢܝܢ
	construct	ܟܝܢܝ	2^nd person	ܟܝܢܝܟ	ܟܝܢܝܟܝ	ܟܝܢܝܟܘܢ	ܟܝܢܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܟܝܢܐ	3^rd person	ܟܝܢܘܗܝ	ܟܝܢܝܗ	ܟܝܢܝܗܘܢ	ܟܝܢܝܗܝܢ

Coordinate terms

(physis): ܦܪܨܘܦܐ (parṣōp̄ā), ܩܢܘܡܐ (qənōmā)

References

“kyn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-05-28
Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 153a
Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 213a–b
Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 619b