چرخ

See also: خرج, جرح, خ ر ج, and ج ر ح

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

From Persian چرخ (čarx, “wheel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃarix/

Noun

چرخ (čarix) m

1. wheel

Derived terms

• چرخچي (čarxači)
• چراخ (čarrāx)

Khalaj

Noun

چَرخ (çarx) (definite accusative چَرخؽ, plural چَرخلار)

1. Arabic spelling of çarx (“wheel”)

Declension

Declension of چرخ

	singular	plural
nominative	چرخ	چرخلار
genitive	چرخؽݧ	چرخلارؽݧ
dative	چرخقا	چرخلارقا
definite accusative	چرخؽ	چرخلارؽ
locative	چرخچا	چرخلارچا
ablative	چرخدا	چرخلاردا
instrumental	چرخلا	چرخلارلا
equative	چرخوارا	چرخلاروارا

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• چرق (çark)

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian چرخ (čarx, “wheel”), from Middle Persian 𐫝𐫍𐫡 (chr /⁠čahr⁠/, “wheel, cycle”), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *čaxrám.

Noun

چرخ • (çarh, çark)

1. wheel, a circular device capable of rotating on its axis

   Synonyms: تكرلك (tekerlek), عجله (ʿacele)

2. (in general) rotation, turning, circular motion of any kind
3. (by extension) machine, any device that directs and controls energy

   Synonym: ماكینه (makina)

4. crossbow, a mechanised weapon based on the bow and arrow

   Synonym: زنبرك (zenberek)

5. catapult, any device or weapon for throwing or launching large objects

   Synonym: منجنیق (mancınık)

Derived terms

• چرخ ایشی (çarh işi, “machine-work, lathe-work”)
• چرخ فلك (çarh-ı felek, “Catherine wheel”)
• چرخاب (çarhab, “Persian water-wheel”)
• چرخجی (çarhcı, “engineer”)
• چرخزن (çarhzen, “crossbow man”)
• چرخلتمق (çarhlatmak, “to make or let be turned”)
• چرخلمق (çarhlamak, “to turn or work in a lathe”)
• چرخلنمق (çarhlanmak, “to be turned or worked in a lathe”)
• چرخلو (çarhlı, “provided with wheels”)
• چرخه طوتمق (çarha tutmak, “to meet with misfortunes”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: çark
• → Albanian: çark

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “çark2”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 890
• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “çarh”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎^[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 185
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چرخ”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 469
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Rota”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1491
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “چرخ”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1599
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “çark”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چرخ”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 717b

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐫝𐫍𐫡 (chr /⁠čahr⁠/, “wheel, cycle”), from Proto-Iranian *čaxrám (compare Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (caxra, “wheel”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čakrám (compare Sanskrit चक्र (cakrá)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“wheel, circle”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃaɾx]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäɾx]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäɾx]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäɾx]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäɾx]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæɹx]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäɾχ]

Readings
Classical reading?	čarx
Dari reading?	čarx
Iranian reading?	čarx
Tajik reading?	čarx

Noun

Dari	چرخ
Iranian Persian
Tajik	чарх

چَرْخ • (čarx) (plural چرخ‌ها (čarx-hâ))

1. wheel
2. cart
3. sewing machine

   Synonym: چرخ خیاطی (čarx xayyâti)

4. (dialectal) spool, pulley
5. (poetic) sky
6. (rare) circle

Derived terms

• دوچرخه (dočarxe, “bicycle”)
• چرخاب (čarxâb)
• چرخان (čarxân)
• چرخچی (čarxči, “carter”)
• چرخدار (čarx-dâr)
• چرخ‌خورده (čarx-xorde)
• چرخ‌ساز (čarx-sâz)
• چرخک (čarxak)
• چرخ‌انداز (čarx-andâz)
• چرخیدن (čarxidan, “to rotate, to spin”)
• چرخه (čarxe, “spinning-wheel, cycle”)

Descendants

• → Arabic:

  Iraqi Arabic: چرخ (čarx)

• → Middle Armenian: չարխ (čʻarx)
  • Armenian: չարխ (čʻarx)
• → Azerbaijani: çarx
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: चरख़ा (carxā)

  Urdu: چَرْخَہ (carxa)

  • → English: charkha
• → Khalaj: çarx
• → Georgian: ჩარხი (čarxi)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چرخ (çarh), چرق (çark)
  • Turkish: çark
  • → Albanian: çark
• → Yagnobi: чарх (čarx)