دست

See also: دشت and دسى

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دست (dast, literally “hand”) and دشت (dašt, “plain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dast/
• (colloquially in the cauldron sense also): IPA^(key): /dist/

Noun

دَسْت • (dast) m (plural دُسُوت (dusūt))

1. boiler, cauldron, kettle, cupola etc.

   Near-synonym: صَاج (ṣāj)

   • 1226, محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن الكريم الكاتب البغدادي [Muḥammad bin al-Ḥasan bin Muḥammad bin al-Karīm al-Baḡdādīy], “الباب التاسع في ذكر الحلاوات وأصنافها”, in كتاب الطبيخ ومعجم المآكل الدمشقية, Hindawi Foundation, published 2018, →ISBN, page 75:

     مكفن
     يؤخذ رطل سكر وثلث رطل لوز أو فستق، فيُدَق الجميع ناعمًا، ويُعجن بماء الورد عجنًا قويًّا، ثم يُطرح في الدست أوقية شَيْرَج، ويُحَل نصف رطل سكر فيُعمل جُلَّابًا، فإذا غلى الشَّيْرَج طُرح عليه ثلث الجُلَّاب، ويواصل تحريكه، ثم يُطرح عليه أوقية نشا مُدافًا بماء، ولا يزال يُحرَّك حتى ينعقد، ثم يُطرح على بلاطة ناعمة حتى يبرد، ويُبسط قطعًا صغارًا مربَّعة قدر الكف، ثم يُجعل عليه شيء من ذلك السكر واللوز والمعجون، ويُلَف على هيئة الأوساط، ثم يُذَر عليه السكر المطيَّب ويُرفع.

     Mukaffan
     One takes a rottol of sugar and a third of a rottol of almond and pistachio, then pounds all fine, and kneads with rosewater heartily, then throws an ounce of sesame oil in a kettle, and dissolves half a rottol of sugar, and produces rosewater syrup, and when the sesame oil boils a third of the rosewater syrup is thrown upon it, connected by working it in a bit, then one throws upon it an ounce of starch diluted with water, then one continues to work it in until it becomes a slop, then on casts it upon a thin slate until it cools off, then it is spread into small strands quadrupled after the size of the handpalm, then one applies upon it some of that sugar and the almond and the dough and rolls in around the centres, then one scatters upon it the seasoned sugar and finishes.

2. (archaic) seat, throne, cathedra etc.

   Synonym: مَجْلِس (majlis)

3. (obsolete) a cushioning, carpeting, resting place, place of honor
4. (obsolete) pack of clothes, apparel, dress that accompanies a man of honour
5. (obsolete) assembly, company

   Synonym: مَجْلِس (majlis)

6. (obsolete) plain; desert
7. (obsolete) a match of playing cards or chess or contest fighting etc.
8. (obsolete, figurative) hand, power, authority; lead in a game of cards etc.; pomp
9. (obsolete) quire of paper

   Near-synonyms: يَد (yad), مَاعُون (māʕūn), رِزْمَة (rizma), دَسْتَج (dastaj), حُزْمَة (ḥuzma), كُرَّاسَة (kurrāsa)

Declension

Declension of noun دَسْت (dast)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَسْت dast	الدَّسْت ad-dast	دَسْت dast
Nominative	دَسْتٌ dastun	الدَّسْتُ ad-dastu	دَسْتُ dastu
Accusative	دَسْتًا dastan	الدَّسْتَ ad-dasta	دَسْتَ dasta
Genitive	دَسْتٍ dastin	الدَّسْتِ ad-dasti	دَسْتِ dasti
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَسْتَيْن dastayn	الدَّسْتَيْن ad-dastayn	دَسْتَيْ dastay
Nominative	دَسْتَانِ dastāni	الدَّسْتَانِ ad-dastāni	دَسْتَا dastā
Accusative	دَسْتَيْنِ dastayni	الدَّسْتَيْنِ ad-dastayni	دَسْتَيْ dastay
Genitive	دَسْتَيْنِ dastayni	الدَّسْتَيْنِ ad-dastayni	دَسْتَيْ dastay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُسُوت dusūt	الدُّسُوت ad-dusūt	دُسُوت dusūt
Nominative	دُسُوتٌ dusūtun	الدُّسُوتُ ad-dusūtu	دُسُوتُ dusūtu
Accusative	دُسُوتًا dusūtan	الدُّسُوتَ ad-dusūta	دُسُوتَ dusūta
Genitive	دُسُوتٍ dusūtin	الدُّسُوتِ ad-dusūti	دُسُوتِ dusūti

Derived terms

• دُسَيْت (dusayt, “little match”, diminutive)

References

• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دست”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 440b–441a
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “دست”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[2] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 29a
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دست”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 695
• Quatremère, Étienne Marc (1845) Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte. Tome second, deuzième partie.‎^[4] (in French), Paris: Oriental Translation Fund, pages 236–239
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دست”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[5], London: W.H. Allen, page 361
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (2020) “دست”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 6th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 288a. Older editions don’t know the vocalization of دَسْت (dast) in the boiler sense.

Baluchi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *jástah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰés-to- (“hand”), from *ǵʰes-.

Noun

دست • (dast)

1. hand

Persian

Alternative forms

• دس (das) (dialectal)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭩𐭣𐭤 (YDH /⁠dast⁠/), from Old Persian 𐎭𐎿𐎫 (dasta), from Proto-Iranian *jástah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”).

Compare Northern Kurdish dest, Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀 (zasta), Sogdian ܕܣܛ (ẟast-, “hand”), Sanskrit हस्त (hasta), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír, “hand”), Albanian dorë (“hand”), Tocharian A tsar, Latin hīr (“hand”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [dast]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äst̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äst̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ɪst̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪ist̪]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æst̪]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪äst̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	dast
Dari reading?	dast
Iranian reading?	dast
Tajik reading?	dast

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	دست
Iranian Persian
Tajik	даст

دَسْت • (dast) (plural دستان (dastân) or دست‌ها (dast-hâ))

1. (anatomy) hand
2. (anatomy) arm
3. hand (side; part, camp; direction, either right or left)
   • 11th century, Abulfazl-i Bayhaqī, Tārīx-i Bayhaqī[6]

     خواجه امیر حسنک را هر چند خواست که پیش وی بنشیند نگذاشت و بر دست راست من و دست راست خواجه ابوالقاسم کثیر و بونصر مشکان بنشاند، هر چند ابوالقاسم کثیر معزول بود، اما حرمتش سخت بزرگ بود و بوسهل بر دست چپ خواجه، از این نیز سخت‌تر بتابید

     Although Amir Hasanak wanted to sit near him, Khwajah [Ahmad] didn't let it, and seated him at my right-hand, and at Khwajah Abul-Qasim Kasir's and Bu Nasr Mushkan's right-hand—although Abul-Qasim Kasir was deposed, his reverence was so great—and [seated] Bu Sahl at Khwajah's left-hand; he [Bu Sahl] was outraged even more because of this.

Inflection

Basic forms of دست (dast)
	singular	plural
bare	دست (dast)	دستان (dastấn) دستا △ (dastấ)
definitive direct object	دست را (dast râ) دست رو △ (dasto)	دستان را (dastấn râ) دستا رو △ (dastấ ro)
ezâfe	دست (dast-e)	دستان (dastấn-e) دستای △ (dastấ-ye)
marked indefinite or relative definite	دستی (dast-i)	دستانی (dastấn-i) دستایی △ (dastấi)
△ Colloquial.

Possessive forms of دست (dast)
	singular	plural
1st person singular (“my”)	دستم (dástam)	دستانم (dastấnam) دستام △ (dastấm)
2nd person singular (“your”)	دستت (dástat) [Term?] △ (dástet)	دستانت (dastấnat) دستات △ (dastất)
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”)	دستش (dástaš) [Term?] △ (dásteš)	دستانش (dastấnaš) دستاش △ (dastấš)
1st plural (“our”)	دستمان (dástemân) دستمون △ (dástemun)	دستانمان (dastấnemân) دستامون △ (dastấmun)
2nd plural (“your”)	دستتان (dástetân) دستتون △ (dástetun)	دستانتان (dastấnetân) دستاتون △ (dastấtun)
3rd plural (“their”)	دستشان (dástešân) دستشون △ (dástešun)	دستانشان (dastấnešân) دستاشون △ (dastấšun)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms

• از دست دادن (az dast dâdan)
• از دست رفتن (az dast raftan)
• به دست آوردن (be dast âvardan)
• دست انداختن (dast andâxtan)
• دستکش (dastkeš)
• دستکند (dastkand)
• دستی (dasti)
• دست‌فروش (dast-foruš)
• دست‌فروشی (dast-foruši)

 

Related terms

• دسته (daste)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: dəst
• → Bengali: দস্ত (dosto)
• → Gujarati: દસ્ત (dast)
• → Gulf Arabic: دست (dast, “glove”) (Kuwait)
• → Hindi: दस्त (dast)
• → Kumzari: دست