θαρραλέος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• θᾰρσᾰλέος (tharsaléos) — Old Attic, Epic

Etymology

From θάρρος (thárrhos, “courage”) (Late Attic). Also θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) from θάρσος (thársos) (Ionic and Ancient Attic).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰar̥.r̥a.lé.os/ → /θar.raˈle.os/ → /θa.raˈle.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰar̥.r̥a.lé.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰar.raˈle.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θar.raˈle.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θa.raˈle.os/

Adjective

θᾰρρᾰλέος • (tharrhaléos) m (feminine θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ, neuter θᾰρρᾰλέον); first/second declension

1. daring, courageous
   • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.5.16:

     φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν: τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ

     phaneròn ek toútōn kaì tò tharrheîn tí esti, kaì perì poîa tharrhaléoi eisì kaì pôs diakeímenoi tharrhaléoi eisín: tó te gàr thársos tò enantíon tôi phóbōi, kaì tò tharrhaléon tôi phoberôi

     so, from these, it is also clear what courage is, and about which things they are courageous, and what the psychology of the courageous is; for courage is opposite of fear and that which causes courage is opposite of that which causes fear

3. (negative) overbold, audacious

Inflection

First and second declension of θᾰρρᾰλέος; θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ; θᾰρρᾰλέον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		θᾰρρᾰλέος tharrhaléos	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā	θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon		θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā	θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō		θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi	θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai	θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa
Genitive		θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās	θᾰρρᾰλέου tharrhaléou		θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin	θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain	θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin		θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn	θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn	θᾰρρᾰλέων tharrhaléōn
Dative		θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi	θᾰρρᾰλέᾳ tharrhaléāi	θᾰρρᾰλέῳ tharrhaléōi		θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin	θᾰρρᾰλέαιν tharrhaléain	θᾰρρᾰλέοιν tharrhaléoin		θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois	θᾰρρᾰλέαις tharrhaléais	θᾰρρᾰλέοις tharrhaléois
Accusative		θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱν tharrhaléān	θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon		θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā	θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō		θᾰρρᾰλέους tharrhaléous	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱς tharrhaléās	θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa
Vocative		θᾰρρᾰλέε tharrhalée	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā	θᾰρρᾰλέον tharrhaléon		θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō	θᾰρρᾰλέᾱ tharrhaléā	θᾰρρᾰλέω tharrhaléō		θᾰρρᾰλέοι tharrhaléoi	θᾰρρᾰλέαι tharrhaléai	θᾰρρᾰλέᾰ tharrhaléa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		θᾰρρᾰλέως tharrhaléōs				θᾰρρᾰλεώτερος tharrhaleṓteros				θᾰρρᾰλεώτᾰτος tharrhaleṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• θαρσαλέος (tharsaléos) (alternative)
• θάρσυνος (thársunos)
• θαρσύς (tharsús), θρασύς (thrasús)
• ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)

Antonyms

• δειλός (deilós)

Derived terms

• (adverb): θᾰρραλέως (tharrhaléōs), θᾰρσαλέως (tharsaléōs)
• θαρραλέον (tharrhaléon)

Related terms

• θάρσος (thársos), θάρρος (thárrhos)
• θαρσέω (tharséō), θαρρέω (tharrhéō)

Descendants

• Greek: θαρραλέος (tharraléos)

Further reading

• “θαρραλέος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Dimitrakos, Dimitrios B. (²1964) Μέγα λεξικόν ὅλης τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς γλώσσης [Great Dictionary of the entire Greek Language] (in Greek), Athens: Hellenic Paideia 2nd edition in 15 vols. [1st edition 1930-1950 in 9 volumes] (abbreviations - of authors)

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θαρραλέος (tharrhaléos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θa.raˈle.os/
• Hyphenation: θαρ‧ρα‧λέ‧ος
• Rhymes: -eos

Adjective

θαρραλέος • (tharraléos) m (feminine θαρραλέα, neuter θαρραλέο)

1. courageous, brave

   μία θαρραλέα πράξη ― mía tharraléa práxi ― a courageous deed

   ένας θαρραλέος πολεμιστής ― énas tharraléos polemistís ― a brave warrior

Declension

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	θαρραλέος (tharraléos)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)	θαρραλέο (tharraléo)		θαρραλέοι (tharraléoi)	θαρραλέες (tharralées)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)
genitive	θαρραλέου (tharraléou)	θαρραλέας (tharraléas)	θαρραλέου (tharraléou)		θαρραλέων (tharraléon)	θαρραλέων (tharraléon)	θαρραλέων (tharraléon)
accusative	θαρραλέο (tharraléo)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)	θαρραλέο (tharraléo)		θαρραλέους (tharraléous)	θαρραλέες (tharralées)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)
vocative	θαρραλέε (tharralée)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)	θαρραλέο (tharraléo)		θαρραλέοι (tharraléoi)	θαρραλέες (tharralées)	θαρραλέα (tharraléa)

Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο θαρραλέος, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο θαρραλέος, etc.)

Synonyms

• θαρρετός (tharretós)
• τολμηρός (tolmirós)
• ανδρείος (andreíos, “brave”)
• γενναίος (gennaíos, “brave”)

Antonyms

• δειλός (deilós, “coward”)

Derived terms

• θαρραλέα (tharraléa, adverb)

Related terms

• θαρρετός (tharretós)

References

• θαρραλέος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language