passer

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See also: Passer and pâsser

English

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Etymology

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From pass +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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passer (plural passers)

  1. One who succeeds in passing a test, etc.
    • 2008, David L. Streiner, Geoffrey R. Norman, Health Measurement Scales:
      The distributions of scores on the exam for passers and failers are plotted […]
  2. One who passes something along; a distributor.
    a passer of counterfeit banknotes
  3. (sports) Someone who passes, someone who makes a pass.
    • 1991, Rex Mossop, The Moose That Roared, Sydney: Ironbark Press, page 157:
      A superb passer of the ball, we expected him to wipe the floor with the opposition.
    1. (American football) A football player who makes a forward pass, who may be (but not limited to) the quarterback.
  4. (chess, informal) A passed pawn.
  5. (archaic) One who passes; a passer-by.
    • 1878, Henry James, The Europeans:
      There was a promise of it in the gorgeous purity of the western sky; there was an intimation in the mild, unimpertinent gaze of the passers of a certain natural facility in things.
    • 1904, National Magazine, volume 20, page 147:
      Passers stopped and began to stare. A policeman was approaching up the street. Dave dodged back into the cab and banged the door.
  6. (sociology) One who is able to "pass", or be accepted as a member of a race, sex or other group to which society would not otherwise regard them as belonging.
    • 2003, Brooke Kroeger, Passing: When People Can't Be Who They Are:
      Explores the history, literature, and sociology of passing, and provides case studies of six individuals who are "passers," including a black man who passed as a white Jew and a lesbian naval officer who passed as straight.
    • 2014, Risa Bear, Homecomings, page 69:
      Passers and would-be passers make every effort to be convincing in their chosen gender role […]

Translations

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See also

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology 1

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From German Passer.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pasər/, [ˈpʰasɐ]

Noun

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passer c (singular definite passeren, plural indefinite passere)

  1. compass, pair of compasses (tool for drawing circles and arcs)
Inflection
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Declension of passer
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative passer passeren passere passerne
genitive passers passerens passeres passernes

See also

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Etymology 2

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See passere (“to pass”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /paseːr/, [pʰaˈseɐ̯ˀ]

Verb

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passer or passér

  1. imperative of passere

Dutch

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Etymology

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From passen (“to measure a size”) +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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passer m (plural passers, diminutive passertje n)

  1. compass (device used with a pencil to draw an arc or circle on paper)

Descendants

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  • Negerhollands: passer
  • → Papiamentu: paser
  • → Saramaccan: pása

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French passer, from Old French passer, from Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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passer

  1. to go past
  2. to cross (a border)
  3. (law) to pass
    passer une loi ― to pass a law
  4. to spend (time)
    J’ai passé les vacances en Espagne. ― I spent the holidays in Spain.
    J’ai passé une splendide soirée chez toi. ― I had a great evening at your place.
  5. to publish (a newspaper)
  6. (transitive) to take, to sit (an exam or test)
    J’ai réussi l’examen que j’avais passé en avril. ― I passed the exam that I took in April.
  7. (intransitive) to pass (an exam or test)
    Il est passé à l’examen. ― He passed the exam.
  8. (dated) (transitive) to pass (an exam or test)
    Il a passé l’examen. ― He passed the exam.
  9. (public transportation) to run
    Le train passe toutes les vingt minutes. ― The train runs every 20 minutes.
  10. to exceed (a limit)
  11. to percolate
  12. to hand down, to pass on
  13. to be allowed
  14. (intransitive) to pass, to go (between two entities)
    • 1908, Gaston Leroux, chapter 1, in Le Mystère de la chambre jaune [The Mystery of the Yellow Room]‎[1], published 2009:
      L’assassin n’avait donc pas passé par là et ne pouvait se sauver par là […]
      The murderer, therefore, could not have entered that way and could not possibly escape that way.
  15. (transitive) to show (a movie)
  16. to go up (a grade)
  17. to shift (change gear)
    1. to go down
    2. to go up
  18. to stop by, to pop in
    Il est passé nous voir. ― He stopped by to see us.
    Je vais y passer demain pour mes affaires.
    I'm going to stop by there tomorrow for my things.
  19. to pass away, to die
  20. (music) to spin (e.g. a disk)
  21. (television) to show (be on television)
  22. (sports) to pass (kick, throw, hit etc. the ball to another player)
  23. (athletics) to pass (the relay baton)
  24. to pass on (infect someone else with a disease)
  25. (transitive) to put, to place, to slip (move a part of one's body somewhere else)
    • 1908, Gaston Leroux, Le Mystère de la chambre jaune, 2009 ed., Wikisource, chap. 1; translated 1908 by anonymous, Margaret Jull Costa (ed.), as The Mystery of the Yellow Room, 2003 ed., Dedalus, →ISBN:
      [...] et, par-dessus les volets, les barreaux intacts, des barreaux à travers lesquels vous n’auriez pas passé le bras…
      [...] and, as well as those shutters, there were iron bars so close together that you could not even have got your arm through them.
  26. to wipe, rub
    Elle passe de la crème sur son ventre.
    She's rubbing cream on her belly.
  27. to skip a go
  28. to put (make something undergo something)
  29. (card games) to pass (not play upon one's turn)
  30. (reflexive) to take place, to happen, to come to pass
    Qu’est-ce qui s’est passé ici ? ― What happened here?
  31. (reflexive, for time) to go by
  32. (reflexive) to do without [with de ‘something’]
    Je ne peux pas me passer de café le matin.
    I can't do without a cup of coffee in the morning.
  33. to don
    Il passa son pantalon. ― He put on his pants.
  34. (intransitive) to be thought to be, to be said to be, to be taken for [with pour ‘someone/something’]
    faire passer quelqu’un pour quelque chose ― to make someone out to be something
    se faire passer pour ― to pass oneself off as, to pose as, to impersonate

Usage notes

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  • This verb uses the auxiliary verb avoir when used transitively (or with a transitive sense, even when the complement is omitted); otherwise (when it is intransitive), it uses être.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of passer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple passer
compound avoir or être + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple passant
/pa.sɑ̃/
compound ayant or étant + past participle
past participle passé
/pa.se/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present passe
/pas/ 		passes
/pas/ 		passe
/pas/ 		passons
/pa.sɔ̃/ 		passez
/pa.se/ 		passent
/pas/
imperfect passais
/pa.sɛ/ 		passais
/pa.sɛ/ 		passait
/pa.sɛ/ 		passions
/pa.sjɔ̃/ 		passiez
/pa.sje/ 		passaient
/pa.sɛ/
past historic2 passai
/pa.se/ 		passas
/pa.sa/ 		passa
/pa.sa/ 		passâmes
/pa.sam/ 		passâtes
/pa.sat/ 		passèrent
/pa.sɛʁ/
future passerai
/pa.sʁe/ 		passeras
/pa.sʁa/ 		passera
/pa.sʁa/ 		passerons
/pa.sʁɔ̃/ 		passerez
/pa.sʁe/ 		passeront
/pa.sʁɔ̃/
conditional passerais
/pa.sʁɛ/ 		passerais
/pa.sʁɛ/ 		passerait
/pa.sʁɛ/ 		passerions
/pa.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		passeriez
/pa.sə.ʁje/ 		passeraient
/pa.sʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir or être + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir or être + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir or être + past participle
future perfect future of avoir or être + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir or être + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present passe
/pas/ 		passes
/pas/ 		passe
/pas/ 		passions
/pa.sjɔ̃/ 		passiez
/pa.sje/ 		passent
/pas/
imperfect2 passasse
/pa.sas/ 		passasses
/pa.sas/ 		passât
/pa.sa/ 		passassions
/pa.sa.sjɔ̃/ 		passassiez
/pa.sa.sje/ 		passassent
/pa.sas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir or être + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir or être + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — passe
/pas/ 		— passons
/pa.sɔ̃/ 		passez
/pa.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle — simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle simple imperative of avoir or être + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ladin

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Etymology

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From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).

Verb

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passer

  1. to proceed

Conjugation

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  • Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of passer (first conjugation)
infinitive passer, passé
auxiliary verb avei gerund passan
past participle passé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie tu el / ela nos vos ei / eles
present passe, passeie passes, passeies passa, passeia, passea passon passeis passa, passeia
imperfect passove passoves passova passovan passovais passova
future passaré passaras passarà passaron passareis passarà
subjunctive che ie che tu che el / ela che nos che vos che ei / eles
present passe, passeie passes, passeies passe, passeie passon passeis passe
imperfect passasse passasses passassa passassan passassais passassa
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— passa, passeia — passon passede —

Latin

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Italic *passros with a declension change from second to third, from Proto-Indo-European *p(e)t-tro-s (“who flies, bird”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Related to penna.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    passer m (genitive passeris); third declension

    1. sparrow
      • c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 3.3–4:
        Passer mortuus est meae puellae.
        Passer, deliciae meae puellae […]
        My girl's sparrow is dead.
        The sparrow, my girl's pet […]
    2. turbot
      • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Halieutica 118–126:
        At contrā herbōsā piscēs luxantur harēnā
        ut scarus, ēpastās sōlus quī rūminat ēscās,
        fēcundumque genus mēnae lamyrusque smarisque
        atque immunda chromis, meritō vīlissima salpa
        atque avium phȳcis nīdōs imitāta sub undīs
        et squāmās tenuī suffūsus sanguine mullus,
        fulgentēs soleae candōre et concolor illīs
        passer et Hadriacō mīrandus lītore rhombus,
        tum leporēs lātī, tum mollēs tergore rānae […]
        On the other hand, fish that revel in the grassy sand
        such as the scar, the only one that chews over eaten up food,
        the prolific kind of the maena, lamyrus and smaris
        and the unclean chronic, the deservedly worthless salpa
        and the phycis that imitates the nests of birds under the waves
        and the mullet whose scales are suffused with tenous blood,
        and the sole flashing with whiteness and the turbot
        of the same colour, and the amazing flatfish on the Adriatic Shore,
        then the broad sea-hares, then the soft-bodied sea-frog […]

    Declension

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    Third-declension noun.

    Case Singular Plural
    Nominative passer passerēs
    Genitive passeris passerum
    Dative passerī passeribus
    Accusative passerem passerēs
    Ablative passere passeribus
    Vocative passer passerēs
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    Descendants

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    References

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    • “passer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “passer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • passer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449

    Middle French

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    Etymology

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    From Old French passer.

    Verb

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    passer

    1. to pass; to go by

    Conjugation

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    • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
    Conjugation of passer
    infinitive simple passer
    compound avoir + past participle
    present participle1 or gerund2 simple passant
    compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
    past participle passé
    singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present passe passes passe passons passez passent
    imperfect passois, passoys passois, passoys passoit, passoyt passions, passyons passiez, passyez passoient, passoyent
    past historic passa passas passa passasmes passastes passerent
    future passerai, passeray passeras passera passerons passerez passeront
    conditional passerois, passeroys passerois, passeroys passeroit, passeroyt passerions, passeryons passeriez, passeryez passeroient, passeroyent
    (compound
    tenses)         		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
    past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
    (simple
    tenses)         		present passe passes passe passons passez passent
    imperfect passasse passasses passast passassions passassiez passassent
    (compound
    tenses)         		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nous vous –
    simple — passe — passons passez —
    compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
    1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
    2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

    Descendants

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    References

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    • passer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Verb

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    passer

    1. imperative of passere
    2. present of passe

    Old French

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    Etymology

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    From Vulgar Latin *passāre, derived from Latin passus (“step”, noun).

    Verb

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    passer

    1. to pass; to pass by

    Conjugation

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    This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-sss, *-sst are modified to s, s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

        Conjugation of passer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
    simple compound
    infinitive passer avoir passé
    gerund en passant gerund of avoir + past participle
    present participle passant
    past participle passé
    person singular plural
    first second third first second third
    indicative jo tu il nos vos il
    simple
    tenses     		present pas passes passe passons passez passent
    imperfect passoie, passeie, passoe, passeve passoies, passeies, passoes, passeves passoit, passeit, passot, passeve passiiens, passiens passiiez, passiez passoient, passeient, passoent, passevent
    preterite passai passas passa passames passastes passerent
    future passerai passeras passera passerons passeroiz, passereiz, passerez passeront
    conditional passeroie, passereie passeroies, passereies passeroit, passereit passeriiens, passeriens passeriiez, passeriez passeroient, passereient
    compound
    tenses     		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
    past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
    future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
    conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
    subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
    simple
    tenses     		present pas pas past passons passez passent
    imperfect passasse passasses passast passissons, passissiens passissoiz, passissez, passissiez passassent
    compound
    tenses     		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
    imperative – tu – nos vos –
    — passe — passons passez —

    Descendants

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    Further reading

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